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yggk.net 免費(fèi)分享:動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)-高考
英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)
時(shí)態(tài):表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生或存在狀態(tài)以及表現(xiàn)方式的一種動(dòng)詞形式。
語(yǔ)態(tài):用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)之間關(guān)系的一種動(dòng)詞形式。
主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示句子的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或行為的主體;
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者或行為的對(duì)象
英語(yǔ)中,在不同時(shí)間,以不同的方式發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)要用動(dòng)詞的不同形式表現(xiàn)出來(lái),動(dòng)詞的這些不同形式構(gòu)成了動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。一般來(lái)說(shuō),發(fā)生在現(xiàn)在的事情用現(xiàn)在的時(shí)態(tài)進(jìn)行描述,發(fā)生在過(guò)去的事情,用過(guò)去的時(shí)態(tài)進(jìn)行描述,將要發(fā)生的事情用將來(lái)的時(shí)態(tài)進(jìn)行描述。
英語(yǔ)中的時(shí)態(tài)共計(jì)16種,常用的有12種。
在高中階段,我們將會(huì)主要學(xué)習(xí)到的時(shí)態(tài)有:一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。本次課我們主要講解一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)以及一般將來(lái)時(shí)
一.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
1.基本結(jié)構(gòu)
肯定形式:
、賐e動(dòng)詞:am/is/are
、谛袨閯(dòng)詞:動(dòng)詞原形、第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)。
否定形式:
、賏m/is/are+not
、赿on't/doesn't+動(dòng)詞原形+……
一般疑問(wèn)句:
、侔裝e動(dòng)詞放于句首
、贒o/Does+…+動(dòng)詞原形+…?
特殊疑問(wèn)句:
特殊疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句
2.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)的構(gòu)成:
3.基本用法:
① 表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,常與表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有:always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays等。
例:I leave home for school at 7 every morning.
、 表示客觀真理,客觀存在或科學(xué)事實(shí),以及格言或名言警句中。如:
The earth moves around the sun.
Shanghai lies in the east of China.
Failure is the mother of success. 失敗乃成功之母。
、 表示愛(ài)好、能力、性格、個(gè)性。
I like Chinese food.
I don't want so much.
Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.
4. 特殊用法
、 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)
1. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句、條件狀語(yǔ)從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)。如:when, before, after, till, once, as soon as, if, in case (that), unless,等。
He is going to visit her aunt the day he arrives in Beijing. 他一到北京,就去看他姨媽。I will call you as soon as I go back home. 我一到家就給你電話。
注:1. 可以代替as soon as表示一……就的詞語(yǔ):the moment、the minute、immediately、instantly
2. 主句部分除了用一般將來(lái)時(shí),還可以用祈使句以及情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
例:If you have any problem, please contact me. (主祈從現(xiàn))
If you have any problem, you can contact me.(主情從現(xiàn))
3. not…until用法總結(jié):
A. sb didn't do sth until sb did sth.
I didn't go home until I finished my homework yesterday. 我昨天直到完成作業(yè)才回家
B. sb won't do sth until sb do/does sth.(主將從現(xiàn))
I won't leave until you come tomorrow. 我明天會(huì)直到你過(guò)來(lái)才會(huì)離開(kāi)。
練習(xí):翻譯下面的句子
1. 昨天修理完桌椅后,我們才回家。
答案:We didn't go home until we finished repairing desks and tables.
2. 有時(shí)候,直到珍貴的時(shí)刻成為了回憶,你才會(huì)真正認(rèn)識(shí)到它的價(jià)值所在。
答案:Sometimes, you won't know the true value of a moment until it becomes a memory.
2. 用于表示較固定的,按計(jì)劃、規(guī)定將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,但只限于begin, come, go, leave, arrive, stop, return, close, open, take, start, take place 等少數(shù)動(dòng)作。
例:The train leaves Beijing at six and arrives at Jinan at nine.
、 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替進(jìn)行時(shí)
句型:Here comes… ; There goes…
例:Look, here comes Mr. Li.
There goes the bell.
二. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)
1. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)
肯定形式:
、 be動(dòng)詞:was / were …
、 行為動(dòng)詞:動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式
否定形式:
、 was/ were + not
、 didn't +動(dòng)詞原形
一般疑問(wèn)句:
、 was或were放于句首
② Did + … + 動(dòng)詞原形……?
特殊疑問(wèn)句:
特殊疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句
2. 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式及過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成:
規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的變化:
規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成方法是相同的。
3. 用法
① 表示過(guò)去某一具體時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有l(wèi)ast year, yesterday, just now, in +過(guò)去年份, a few years ago, in the past.
例:Yesterday, I saw my friends off at the airport.
、 表示過(guò)去的經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有always, often, usually, sometimes, seldom, never等
例:I always got up late and never had enough time for breakfast when I was a child.
三. 一般將來(lái)時(shí)
結(jié)構(gòu)+用法
① "will/ shall + 動(dòng)詞原形"構(gòu)成將來(lái)時(shí),表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或?qū)⒁嬖诘臓顟B(tài)。shall僅用于第一人稱(chēng)I/we作主語(yǔ),而will 則用于各種人稱(chēng)。常用于將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有:next time, tomorrow, this afternoon, before long,in the future, soon, the day after tomorrow.
例:I shall visit my teacher when I go to Beijing.
② "be going to + 動(dòng)詞原形",表示打算、計(jì)劃、安排做某事。
例:We are going to hold a sports meet next weekend.
、 begin, leave, arrive, start, finish, meet, return等動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),表示按計(jì)劃或安排將要發(fā)生的事。(時(shí)刻表)
例:Flight 55 leaves at six p.m.
、 leave, go, come, stay, do, take, have 等動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),表示按計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備要做某事。
例:She is leaving early tomorrow morning. 明天她很早就出發(fā)。
、 "be to + 動(dòng)詞原形",表示即將發(fā)生某事、安排做某事或要求做某事。
例:The meeting is to take place at 8:00 tomorrow.
⑥ "be about + to+動(dòng)詞原形",表示即將發(fā)生某事,不與具體的將來(lái)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用
例:Hurry up! The train for Shanghai is about to start.
注意:1. shall/will do和be going to do的區(qū)別
shall/will do表示一種趨勢(shì)或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作,或預(yù)言將要發(fā)生的事,或表示臨時(shí)性打算等。
Fish will die without water.(趨勢(shì))
He will sit there doing nothing for hours.(習(xí)慣動(dòng)作)
We haven't seen each other for a long time. Shall we have a dinner tonight?(臨時(shí)性的打算)
be going to do表示提前計(jì)劃、安排好的事情,或者表示有跡象發(fā)生
We are going to have a meeting at 8:00 tomorrow.(計(jì)劃、安排)
Look at these clouds! It's going to rain.(跡象發(fā)生事情)
2. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)的區(qū)別
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示計(jì)劃、安排將要發(fā)生事情的時(shí)候主語(yǔ)通常為物(火車(chē)、飛機(jī)等-時(shí)刻表,有具體的時(shí)刻)
The train leaves Beijing at 7:00.
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示計(jì)劃、安排將要發(fā)生事情的時(shí)候主語(yǔ)通常為人。
They are having a meeting tonight.
練一練
1. 觀察下列例句,將序號(hào)填入對(duì)應(yīng)用法之后的空白欄中
A. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
、 All the living things on the earth depend on the sun.
、 The plane takes off at 5:00 a.m.
③ Unless it rains tomorrow, the sports meet will take place.
④ Our teacher told us the earth goes round the sun.
、 He sometimes stay up till midnight to catch up with others.
⑥ We always care for each other and help each other.
、 She is a teacher.
、 -Do you sing? -A little.
B. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)
、 I didn't know you bought the present for me.
② The Great Wall came into being in 221BC.
、 We used to get up at five every morning when we were at school.
④ When I was in the factory, I often worked in the workshop.
、 The professor put one finger in his mouth, tasted it, and smiled with satisfaction.
C. 一般將來(lái)時(shí)
、 If you are going to do it, you had better do it well.
、 If you will wait here, the manager will be back 10 minutes later.
③ We are to finish the work before five this afternoon.
、 He will be thirty years old next year.
、 No one is to leave the cinema without the police's permission
、 The train is about to start.
⑦ Look at the clouds, there is going to be a storm.
⑧ Will we clone a dinosaur?
、 You forgot to turn off the light!-Really, I will go and turn it off.
練習(xí)題:
江蘇中考報(bào)名系統(tǒng)入口 http://m.seo-9.cn/beikao/english/